The fall of Rupee value is given below with the reasons.
Valuation history
| Year | Exchange rate (rupees per US$)g |
|---|---|
| 1913 | 0.08692307692 |
| 1925 | 0.10 |
| 1947 | 1 |
| 1952 | 4.750 |
| 1966 | 7.55 |
| 1975 | 10.409 |
| 1980 | 7.887 |
| 1985 | 12.369 |
| 1990 | 17.504 |
| 1995 | 32.427 |
| 2000 | 45.000 |
| 2006 | 48.336 |
| 2007 (Oct) | 38.48 |
| 2008 (June) | 42.51 |
| 2008 (October) | 48.88 |
| 2009 (October) | 46.37 |
| 2010 (January 22) | 46.21 |
| 2011 (April) | 44.17 |
| 2011 (September 21) | 48.24 |
| 2011 (November 17) | 55.3950 |
| 2012 (May 23) | 56.25[9] |
| 2012 (June 22) | 57.15[10] |
| 2013 (May 15) | 54.73[11] |
| 2013 (June 12) | 58.500[12] |
| 2013 (June 27) | 60.73[13] |
| 2013 (July 08) | 61.21[14] (All-time low) |
Decimalisation
A summary of the decimalisation of the Rupee
| Dates | Currency system |
|---|---|
| From 1835 | 1 rupee = 16 annas = 64 pices (paise) = 192 pies |
| From 1 April 1957 | 1 rupee = 100 naya paise |
| From 1 June 1964 | 1 rupee = 100 paise |
The demand for decimalisation existed for over a century. Sri Lanka decimalised its rupee in 1869. The Indian Coinage Act was amended in September 1955 for the adoption of a decimal system for coinage. The Act came into force with effect from 1 April 1957. The rupee remained unchanged in value and nomenclature. It, however, was now divided into 100 'Paisa' instead of 16 Annas or 64 Pice. For public recognition, the new decimal Paisa was termed 'Naya Paisa' until 1 June 1964 when the term 'Naya' was dropped. The coins of that period also mentioned their value in terms of the rupee to avoid confusion and cheating. For example, the one paisa coin carried the text "One hundredth of a Rupee" in Hindi.
1966 Economic crisis
From 1950, India ran continued trade deficits that increased in magnitude in the 1960s. Furthermore, the Government of India had a budget deficit problem and could not borrow money from abroad or from the private corporate sector, due to that sector's negative savings rate. As a result, the government issued bonds to the RBI, which increased the money supply, leading to inflation. In 1966, foreign aid, which had hitherto been a key factor in preventing devaluation of the rupee, was finally cut off and India was told it had to liberalise its restrictions on trade before foreign aid would again materialise. The response was the politically unpopular step of devaluation accompanied by liberalisation. Furthermore, The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 led the US and other countries friendly towards Pakistan to withdraw foreign aid to India, which necessitated more devaluation. Defence spending in 1965/1966 was 24.06% of total expenditure, the highest it has been in the period from 1965 to 1989 (Foundations, pp 195). Another factor leading to devaluation was the drought of 1965/1966 which resulted in a sharp rise in prices.
At the end of 1969, the Indian Rupee was trading at around 13 British pence[clarification needed]. A decade later, by 1979, it was trading at around 6 British pence. Finally by the end of 1989, the Indian Rupee had plunged to an all-time low of 3 British pence. This triggered a wave of irreversible liberalisation reforms away from populist measures.
1991 Economic crisis
In 1991, India still had a fixed exchange system, where the rupee was pegged to the value of a basket of currencies of major trading partners. India started having balance of payments problems since 1985, and by the end of 1990, it found itself in serious economic trouble. The government was close to default and its foreign exchange reserves had dried up to the point that India could barely finance three weeks’ worth of imports. As in 1966, India faced high inflation and large government budget deficits. This led the government to devalue the rupee.
At the end of 1999, the Indian Rupee was devalued considerably.
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